Welcome Gagan!

Lovely to meet you. I want to commend you on thinking about how you parent and how it affects your son, rather than going for the 'easy' option.
You are right, children should not be left to do whatever they want to their own detriment. There is a difference between letting a child do whatever they want with no boundaries of any sort and letting them do what they choose in an environment you have created and are happy with. Your son is learning about his world. How it feels, how it looks, how it works.
Hitting the television...it makes a satisfying noise. It also gets attention from parents (even negative attention is attention to a child who is seeking it). I am not saying to ignore your child, but rather than focussing on the behaviour you don't want - try focussing on what you would prefer. Removing throwable objects is your best bet at the moment. If he throws something at the tv - gently remove the item and say "Toys are for playing (not throwing), lets go play with your teddy". You want to reinforce what the items are for, not what they are
not for.
Until language/reasoning is developed to the point that you can introduce consequences (ie. if you throw that remote at the tv, I will be carrying you out of this room to play in another room. We need to look after our belongings) as Bronnie said, creative distraction (with plenty of reinforcing conversation...they do take it in

) is the way to go.
In terms of safety...well, it's tough. Try to make 'dangerous' things out of sight, not just out of reach. Explain (ad nauseum) "This is for mummy/daddy to do, not little children". Again, removing and distracting are useful
If you face battles of child-parent opinions, that is ok. In fact, it is good that your child is both sure of what he wants and voicing his unappreciation of you stopping him! I find it helpful to remember that I am helping a little person grow into a big person and that journey is long, hard and frustrating.
Supporting him through it as best you can (and ringing a sympathetic friend after for a debriefing) is great. "Oh darling, you are feeling so angry right now. You are angry with mummy because she said that toys are for playing with but you want to throw the toy at the television. Oh yes, you are feeling angry. It is ok to feel angry." (Etc. plus with cuddles if they are wanted) expressing emotions is healthy, modelling for your child how to express emotions in a healthy way is part of the mother description.
There are lots of helpful threads in the
Journey of Parenting and
Gentle Guidance sections of this forum, but here are a few threads/articles I have picked out that will help you think through and come up with different strategies of your own:
When a Child Says "No."
Thread on alternatives to smacking
5 Reasons to Stop Saying 'Good Job'